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Pigmented Guinea Pig Skin Irradiated With Q-Switched Ruby Laser PulsesMorphologic and Histologic Findings
Jeffrey S. Dover, MD, FRCPC;
Randall J. Margolis, MD;
Luigi L. Polla, MD;
Shinichi Watanabe, MD;
George J. Hruza, MD;
John A. Parrish, MD;
R. Rox Anderson, MD
Arch Dermatol. 1989;125(1):43-49.
Abstract
• Q-switched ruby laser pulses cause selective damage to cutaneous pigmented cells. Repair of this selective damage has not been well described. Therefore, using epilated pigmented and albino guinea pig skin, we studied the acute injury and tissue repair caused by 40-ns, Q-switched ruby laser pulses. Gross observation and light and electron microscopy were performed. No specific changes were evident in the albino guinea pigs. In pigmented animals, with radiant exposures of 0.4 J/cm2 or greater, white spots confined to the 2.5-mm exposure sites developed immediately and faded over 20 minutes. Delayed depigmentation occurred at seven to ten days, followed by full repigmentation by four to eight weeks. Regrowing hairs in sites irradiated at and above 0.4 J/cm2 remained white for at least four months. Histologically, vacuolation of pigment-laden cells was seen immediately in the epidermis and the follicular epithelium at exposures of 0.3 J/cm2 and greater. Melanosomal disruption was seen immediately by electron microscopy at and above 0.3 J/cm2. Over the next seven days, epidermal necrosis was followed by regeneration of a depigmented epidermis. By four months, melanosomes and melanin pigmentation had returned; however, hair follicles remained depigmented and devoid of melanocytes. This study demonstrates that selective melanosomal disruption caused by Q-switched ruby laser pulses leads to transient cutaneous depigmentation and persistent follicular depigmentation. Potential exists for selective treatment of pigmented epidermal and dermal lesions with this modality.
(Arch Dermatol 1989;125:43-49)
Author Affiliations
From the Department of Dermatology, Wellman Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dr Dover is now with the New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication May 27, 1988.
Read in part before the annual meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, San Diego, May 6, 1987.
Reprint requests to Department of Medicine/Dermatology, New England Deaconess Hospital, 110 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215 (Dr Dover).
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