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The Microanatomical Basis of Facial Frown Lines
Gérald E. Piérard, MD, PhD;
Charles M. Lapière, MD, PhD
Arch Dermatol. 1989;125(8):1090-1092.
Abstract
• We studied facial frown lines on cadaver skin. These wrinkles persisting after death were kept unmodified during the collecting procedure; some included the underlying bone. Their microanatomical basis lies in the hypodermis where trabeculae of the retinacula cutis are broader and much shorter underneath the wrinkle than in the surrounding skin. These trabeculae contain striated muscle cells. The hypertrophy of the extracellular matrix of the hypodermal septae is probably related to repetitive mechanical stimuli generated by the muscle cells.
(Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:1090-1092)
Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Dermatopathology (Dr Piérard) and Dermatology (Dr Lapière), University of Liège, Belgium.
Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 28, 1989.
Read before the 108th Annual Meeting of the American Dermatological Association, St Moritz, Switzerland, June 29, 1988.
Reprint requests to Department of Dermatopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire du Sart Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium (Dr Piérard).
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