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A Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor: Fc Fusion Protein

Ross Zeltser, BA; Laticia Valle, BS; Carol Tanck, BA; Margaret M. Holyst, MD; Christopher Ritchlin, MD; Anthony A. Gaspari, MD

Arch Dermatol. 2001;137:893-899.

Objective  To study injection site reactions (ISRs) associated with etanercept therapy.

Design  Retrospective chart review, along with prospective analysis of selected patients experiencing ISRs associated with etanercept therapy.

Setting  Academic rheumatology/immunology unit and dermatology clinic.

Subjects  Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory seronegative arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Interventions  Skin biopsy specimens were taken from selected patients experiencing ISRs.

Main Outcome Measures  Incidence of IRSs and histological and immunophenotypic analysis of ISRs in 3 patients undergoing prospective study.

Results  Twenty-one (20%) of 103 of all patients receiving etanercept reported ISRs, all within the first 2 months of inception of therapy. The reactions occurred 1 to 2 days after the last injection and resolved within a few days. Moreover, eventual waning of reactions was observed, with none proving to be dose limiting. Histological examination of all biopsy specimens showed an inflammatory infiltrate composed of predominantly lymphoid cells and some eosinophils, in a perivascular cuffing pattern, without evidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The infiltrating lymphoid cells were predominantly activated mature (HLA-DR⁺/CD3⁺/CD4^-/CD8⁺) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, with a small number of CD4⁺ cells. A biopsy specimen from a recall ISR showed strong HLA-DR expression by epidermal keratinocytes.

Conclusions  Injection site reactions associated with etanercept therapy are common, and may be an example of a T-lymphocyte–mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, with waning over time due to eventual induction of tolerance.

From the Department of Dermatology (Ms Tanck and Dr Gaspari), the Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine (Drs Holyst and Ritchlin), the Department of Microbiology/Immunology (Dr Gaspari), and the Cancer Center (Dr Gaspari), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (Mr Zeltser and Ms Valle), Rochester, NY.

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