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Implications for Clinical Interventions

Joel Hillhouse, PhD; Rob Turrisi, PhD; Alan L. Shields, PhD

Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(12):1530-1535.

Objective  To identify indoor tanning patterns with relevance for health screening and prevention efforts.

Design  We collected data on indoor tanning patterns from January 17, 2006, through April 14, 2006. By cluster analysis, 4 patterns of indoor tanning were identified: special event, spontaneous or mood, mixed, and regular year-round tanning. These 4 types of indoor tanning were compared by demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables for clinically significant differences.

Setting  Midsized (ie, approximately 12 000 students) southeastern university.

Participants  A total of 168 women who tanned indoors.

Main Outcome Measures  Self-reported attitudes, intentions and tanning behaviors, and tanning dependence.

Results  Event tanners tanned the least, started tanning the latest, and scored lowest on measures of attitudes, social norms, and tanning dependence measures. Regular year-round tanners started the earliest, tanned at the highest levels, and scored the highest on the attitude, social norms, and tanning dependence measures. Spontaneous or mood tanners were similar to event tanners but with a mood component to their tanning. Mixed tanners, as the name implies, exhibited behavior that appeared to be a mixture of the regular and event tanning types.

Conclusions  The results of this study emphasize the fact that "one size fits all" does not apply when it comes to indoor tanning. Tanning behavioral types, which can be clinically assessed, can serve as a guide to physicians so that they can tailor their skin cancer prevention messages to be more effective.

Author Affiliations: Departments of Public Health (Dr Hillhouse) and Psychology (Dr Shields), East Tennessee State University, Johnson City; and Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park (Dr Turrisi).