Confounding and Interaction
Moyses Szklo, MD, MPH, DrPH
Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:1544-1546.
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INTRODUCTION
A report of a randomized clinical trial by Gallagher et al1 illustrates 2 important research concepts: confounding and interaction. In that trial, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen in preventing development of new nevi, 458 children were randomly allocated to either a sunscreen or a control group. Parents of the children assigned to the intervention group (n = 222) were instructed to apply sun protection factor (SPF) 30 broad-spectrum sunscreen to the children's exposed skin when sun exposure was expected to last 30 minutes or longer. Parents of control children (n = 236) were given no advice regarding use of sunscreen. The number of new nevi that developed in 3 years was determined by doing nevus counts at baseline and at a 3-year follow-up visit.
CONFOUNDING EFFECT
When random allocation is carried out, 2 (or more) random subsamples of the study population are created. Particularly when . . . [Full Text of this Article]
INTERACTION
CONCLUSIONS
Baltimore, Md
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