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Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:539-541.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

BOTULINUM TOXIN A has virtually revolutionized the minimally invasive approach to cosmetic enhancement of the upper face. Nevertheless, the road to its present cosmetic and noncosmetic applications could certainly be considered a journey of serendipity. In 1895, Emile P. Van Ermengem first isolated the evil microbe Clostridium botulinum from food and the postmortem tissue of victims who had died in Ellezelles, Belgium, after consuming raw, salted pork. Additionally, he was aware that this disease process was caused by a toxin produced by this bacterium. Nevertheless, it was not until 1946 that the toxin produced by this organism was first isolated in crystalline form by Edward J. Schantz at Camp Detrick in Maryland.

One of the most pivotal individuals in the history of the medicinal use of botulinum toxin was Dr Alan Scott, whose search for a nonsurgical treatment for strabismus brought him into contact with Schantz and his purified toxin. . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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